The Logistical Costs of Marketing Identity Preserved Gm Wheat
نویسنده
چکیده
Development of genetically modified crops is challenging the functions of the grain marketing system. A stochastic optimization model was developed in this study to determine optimal testing strategies. The model chooses the optimal testing strategy that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and rejection and allows estimation of the risk premium required for sellers to undertake dual marketing of GM/Non-GM segregations over a Non-GM system. Cost elements include testing, rejection, and risk premium and were estimated for a grain export chain. The model includes elements of costs and risks within the marketing chain including that of adventitious commingling at all stages of the marketing chain, variety declaration, grower truth-telling and accuracy of testing technologies. Sensitivities were evaluated for effects of GM adoption, risk parameters, variety declaration and tolerance levels.
منابع مشابه
Costs and Risks of Testing and Segregating GM Wheat
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